Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence - Explained
- Intelligence has been understood as the ability to understand information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment by correctly using one’s ab
Intelligence has been understood as the ability to understand information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment by correctly using one’s ability to reason.…
What is AI (Artificial Intelligence)?
Intelligence has been understood as the ability to understand information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment by correctly using one’s ability to reason. An earlier understanding of intelligence was in terms of the ability of the human mind to act in intelligent ways. The roots of AI and machine intelligence can be traced to the works of the pioneer Alan Turing in the 1950s, who worked on developing the Turing Test, that he originally called the “Imitation Game” (for testing the ability of a machine to act intelligently which will not let it be distinguished from human intelligence). Since then, the understanding about intelligence is not limited to humans but also to machines. Artificial Intelligence today, refers to intelligent actions and operations performed by machines. AI, a branch of data science, has been created with the central ability to mimic the human mind and intelligence, and AI developers have tried over the years to develop AI bots and systems that exhibit sophisticated “thinking” and solve problems similar to the strategies used by humans. AI systems involve a complex network of hardware and software, fed with extensive training data which is read by the system to identify patterns and process the information to predict future actions, find solutions and produce new information. AI systems are generated by using coding systems like Python, Java, C++ etc. Some of the common forms of AI systems that are vastly used around us today include: AI Chatbots (e.g. ChatGPT ) AI Art Tools Smart Assistance Tools (e.g. Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa etc.) Navigation and Travel Applications (e.g. Uber, Ola etc.) Face Recognition Systems Security Surveillance Systems Self Driving Cars Smart Homes (Integrated system of AI-driven technologies and electronic home appliances) AI-driven Social Media Algorithms and Recommendations etc. So, AI technologies are much more widespread around us than we realise, and almost in using any technological device/tool, we are indirectly making use of embedded AI-driven softwares. The future of AI is clearer than ever-it is only to grow and expand with a boom in the immediate future ahead of us.
How is Human Intelligence Unique?
Given that the purview of AI is rapidly expanding, one is faced with the question– can AI soon replace the human mind and human intelligence? This is a poignant question, and as I am writing this blog, I can’t help but think of how an AI software would be able to produce a 5000 word essay on this very topic within less than 5 minutes. What then is it that makes human intelligence different from AI and relevant? It is the fact that human intelligence is not simply a compound system filled with training data about patterns of information. Human intelligence moves much beyond this as it is complex and dynamic– it can not only identify problems, learn from information, situations and experiences, but also actively adapt in novel situations to produce creative and unique solutions. Additionally, human intelligence also enables people to communicate with each other, i.e. effectively reach out to other humans. Humans are not just intelligent problem-solvers, they have emotional intelligence and social intelligence, aspects still unique to humans and animals, not mimicked by AI yet. Having abstract thinking abilities, ability to learn from implicit information, develop new solutions in unique situations etc. are the characteristic features of human intelligence that make it unique from the intelligence of machines, which is an attempt at reproducing human intelligence.
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A Comparison: Human Intelligence vs Artificial Intelligence
Here is a comprehensive comparison of AI and human intelligence, with all the strengths and weaknesses of each being highlighted for a face-off. Characteristic Artificial Intelligence Human Intelligence Development of Intelligence AI can only develop intelligent outputs and tendencies through new and updated information being fed into the system. The development of intelligence in AI is not natural and takes time as the systems need to be updated again and again with new information. Human intelligence has the inherent ability to develop and learn all the time. Human intelligence is continuously learning through various new experiences and learning of new information. Pace and Speed of Functioning AI can function very efficiently on a much quicker basis. Being machine driven, it can operate and perform various complex functions accurately within a span of a few seconds to minutes. Humans take time to learn and work. Human intelligence is not as fast and mechanistic, and works to arrive at solutions at a slower pace. Ability to Adapt to Unique Situations AI can arrive at erroneous conclusions and solutions in unique and novel situations. The problem solving ability of AI can break down or produce inaccurate solutions when it encounters situations for which no training data has been fed to it. Some AI systems are now being developed with “exploratory” coding that enable it to learn and solve unique problems. Human intelligence surpasses AI in the domain of solving new and unique problems. Human intelligence is marked by the ability to adapt to new situations and engage in abstract thinking to develop new and creative solutions to problems never encountered before. Learning Ability Learning in AI systems is dependent on how frequently new information is fed into it. AI has the capability to acquire knowledge from secondary sources like training data and commands. Human intelligence, with its memory, cognitive skills, abstraction ability and ability to reason, can learn continuously. Further, learning by humans is not solely dependent on acquiring knowledge from the external world, it can learn intuitively and through imagination as well. Decision-Making Skills The decision-making by AI is based solely on the information provided to it, and hence AI makes very objective decisions. AI can make effective and correct decisions for logical, reasoning or mathematical problems. It can make moderately good decisions about predictions. The decision making of AI may be ineffective for emotional problems. Human decision-making is often affected by personal biases, intuitions, gaps in knowledge, emotions etc. Human decision-making is less objective and more subjective, affected by one’s personal experiences in addition to available information. Human decision-making may be erroneous for logical or complex reasoning problems, but is more effective for social, abstract and emotional problems. Emotional Intelligence Emotional intelligence is one area in which AI is totally adept as of now. AI, the intelligence exhibited by machines, is not capable of working with human (or even animal) emotions or problems needing emotional understanding. Human intelligence includes the aspect of emotional intelligence and humans can effectively understand, regulate and communicate their and others’ emotions to each other. Human intelligence beats AI by far in solving problems requiring emotional understanding and consideration. Social Intelligence AI is driven by machine technologies and software coding and hence is not programmed to develop nuanced social understanding. However, some AI programs like chatbots have extensive codes and training data about patterns of human interaction, enabling them to communicate in ways similar to human social interactions. However, social problem-solving can be quite limited and stunted in AI systems apart from the data and codes that they have been fed with. Since human beings are inherently social animals, social understanding and social intelligence is in-built in them right from birth. Human intelligence is in-built with abilities for complex social understanding, social communication and social problem-solving. As a result, humans have better and much more refined social decision-making abilities, unlike AI. Abstraction Ability AI has very limited, if any, ability to interpret or process abstract information beyond concrete facts and logical reasoning. Human intelligence has the unique ability to engage in abstract reasoning, i.e. think about less concrete, ambiguous information or develop new and innovative solutions to novel problems. Chances of Making Errors Being a machine-driven intelligence, the ability to solve problems, especially computational, reasoning, logical problems etc. is especially efficient in AI. AI is much less likely to commit errors and deliver nearly perfect solutions consistently. However, as already mentioned, AI may commit errors when dealing with emotional, social or novel problems. Being human in nature, human intelligence is far from perfect. Human intelligence is liable to commit more errors in comparison to AI systems. However, as compared to AI, human intelligence can develop more unique, creative and innovative solutions, especially to problems requiring social and emotional intelligence. Flexibility AI is flexible and adaptive upon being fed and updated with new information and codes to read. Without such new information or software coding, AI systems have limited ability to learn on their own, and can become backdated very soon. Human intelligence is highly flexible and adaptive to change, which is one of its unique abilities. Human intelligence develops and continuously evolves from birth for the entire lifetime. Creativity and Innovation Only specific AI systems and bots have the ability to show some creativity in finding solutions. Since the solutions by AI are based upon the training data they have been provided with, they have limited ability to produce unique, novel or creative solutions. Creativity and innovation are two of the central characteristics of human intelligence and the evolution of the human race and its inventions and discoveries. Versatility AI systems are created so that they have extensive knowledge and information about a specific domain. So, AI systems are often niche-specific (e.g. AI writing tools, AI art tools, AI chatbots etc.) and not so versatile across a diversity of functionalities. Developing an AI system which is trained in a very large number of diverse areas is tedious and extremely time-consuming, as detailed software codes and training data would need to be fed into the system. Human intelligence, on the other hand, is virtually limitless and can develop and adapt in a large number of different areas. Thus, human intelligence has the ability to develop expertise in versatile areas.
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